As cities continue to expand the importance of maintaining green spaces and parks has increased compared to the past. It is essential to irrigate these areas to care for the flowers, trees, and grass, but due to the ongoing urban growth a significant amount of water is required for this purpose.
For instance in Tehran the main sources of irrigation water supply are boreholes rivers, qanats, and treated effluent. Currently 90% of green space irrigation comes from groundwater while treated effluent should be used to reduce this to 60%.